Nouns ending in a consonant followed by -y change the -y to -ies in the plural form.
Penalty is regular. It follows the -ies Conversion rule.
Use plural verbs: "The penalties are ready" (not "is ready").
Yes. The plural penalties is standard across all English variants.
The word penalty follows the standard English pluralization rule. When forming the plural, penalty becomes penalties. This follows the -ies Conversion pattern, which is one of the most common plural rules in English.
Understanding why penalty becomes penalties helps with spelling and pronunciation. Nouns ending in a consonant followed by -y change the -y to -ies in the plural form.
When using penalties in writing, remember that it functions as a plural noun in sentences. It pairs with plural verbs and pronouns. For example: "The penalties are ready" (not "is ready"). This subject-verb agreement is essential for grammatical correctness.