This verb follows the standard English past tense rule: simply add -ed to the base form.
Refrain is regular. It follows the Standard -ed rule.
Use past time markers: "Yesterday, she refrained to the store."
No. Use "did not refrain" (not "did not refrained").
The verb refrain follows the standard English past tense conjugation rule. When forming the past tense, refrain becomes refrained. This follows the Standard -ed pattern, which is one of the most common conjugation rules in English.
Understanding why refrain becomes refrained helps with spelling and pronunciation. This verb follows the standard English past tense rule: simply add -ed to the base form.
When using refrained in writing, remember that it functions as a past tense verb and typically appears with time markers like yesterday, last week, or ago. For example: "Yesterday, she refrained to the store." The past tense form does not change based on the subject — I refrained, you refrained, he/she refrained, we refrained, they refrained.