This verb follows the standard English past tense rule: simply add -ed to the base form.
Espalier is regular. It follows the Standard -ed rule.
Use past time markers: "Yesterday, she espaliered to the store."
No. Use "did not espalier" (not "did not espaliered").
The verb espalier follows the standard English past tense conjugation rule. When forming the past tense, espalier becomes espaliered. This follows the Standard -ed pattern, which is one of the most common conjugation rules in English.
Understanding why espalier becomes espaliered helps with spelling and pronunciation. This verb follows the standard English past tense rule: simply add -ed to the base form.
When using espaliered in writing, remember that it functions as a past tense verb and typically appears with time markers like yesterday, last week, or ago. For example: "Yesterday, she espaliered to the store." The past tense form does not change based on the subject — I espaliered, you espaliered, he/she espaliered, we espaliered, they espaliered.